A
a, ab +abl. (also used as prefix with verbs) prep from, by
absum abesse, afui verb irreg be out, be absent, be
away
ac, atque indecl. conj and
accido accidere, accidi verb 3 happen
accipio accipere, accepi, acceptus verb 3 accept, take in, receive
ad +acc. (also used as prefix with verbs)prep to, towards, at
adeo indecl. adv so much, so greatly
adiuvo adiuvare, adiuvi, adiutus verb 1 help
adsum adesse, adfui verb irreg be here, be present
advenio advenire, adveni verb 4 arrive
aedifico aedificare, aedificavi, aedificatus verb 1 build
ago agere, egi, actus verb 3 do, act
aliquis aliquid pron someone, something
alius alia, aliud pron/ adj other, another, else
alii ... alii some ... others
alter altera, alterum pron/ adj the other, another, the
second of two
altus alta, altum adj high, deep
ambulo ambulare, ambulavi verb 1 walk
amicus amici, m. noun 2 friend
amo amare, amavi, amatus verb 1 love, like
amor amoris, m. noun 3 love
ancilla ancillae, f. noun 1 slave-girl, maid
animus animi, m. noun 2 spirit, mind
annus anni, m. noun 2 year
antea indecl. adv before
aperio aperire, aperui, apertus verb 4 open
appareo apparere, apparui verb 2 appear
appropinquo appropinquare, appropinquavi + dat. verb 1 approach, come near
to
apud + acc. prep among, with, at the
house of
aqua aquae, f. noun 1 water
ars artis, f. noun 3 art, skill
ascendo ascendere, ascendi, ascensus verb 3 climb
audax audacis adj bold, daring
audio audire, audivi, auditus verb 4 hear, listen to
aufero auferre, abstuli, ablatus verb irreg take away, carry off,
steal
auxilium auxilii, n. noun 2 help
B
bellum belli, n. noun 2 war
bellum gero wage war, campaign
bene indecl. adv well
bonus bona, bonum adj good
brevis breve adj short, brief
C
caelum caeli, n. noun 2 sky, heaven
capio capere, cepi, captus verb 3 take, catch, capture
caput capitis, n. noun 3 head
carus cara, carum adj dear
castra castrorum, n. pl. noun 2 camp
celer celeris, celere adj quick, fast
celo celare, celavi, celatus verb 1 hide
cena cenae, f. noun 1 dinner, meal
centum indecl. adj a hundred
ceteri ceterae, cetera adj the rest, the others
cibus cibi, m. noun 2 food
circum + acc. prep around
civis civis, m.f. noun 3 citizen
clamo clamare, clamavi, clamatus verb 1 shout
clamor clamoris, m. noun 3 shout, shouting, noise
coepi coepisse, coeptus verb irreg begin (past tenses only)
cogito cogitare, cogitavi, cogitatus verb 1 think, consider
cognosco cognoscere, cognovi, cognitus verb 3 get to know, find out
cogo cogere, coegi, coactus verb 3 force, compel
comes comitis, m.f. noun 3 comrade, companion
conficio conficere, confeci, confectus verb 3 finish; wear out,
exhaust
conor conari, conatus sum verb 1 dep try
consilium consilii, n. noun 2 plan, idea, advice
conspicio conspicere, conspexi, conspectus verb 3 catch sight of, notice
constituo constituere, constitui, constitutus verb 3 decide
consumo consumere, consumpsi, consumptus verb 3 eat
convenio convenire, conveni verb 4 come together, gather,
meet
corpus corporis, n. noun 3 body
credo credere, credidi, creditus + dat. verb 3 believe, trust, have faith
in
crudelis crudele adj cruel
cum indecl. conj when
cum + abl. prep with
cupio cupere, cupivi, cupitus verb 3 want, desire
cur? indecl. adv why?
cura curae, f. noun 1 care, worry
curo curare, curavi, curatus verb 1 look after, care for, supervise
curro currere, cucurri, cursus verb 3 run
custos custodis, m.f. noun 3 guard
D
de + abl. prep from, down from; about
dea deae, f. noun 1 goddess
debeo debere, debui, debitus verb 2 owe, ought, should, must
decem indecl. adj ten
defendo defendere, defendi, defensus verb 3 defend
deinde indecl. adv then
deleo delere, delevi, deletus verb 2 destroy
descendo descendere, descendi, descensus verb 3 go down, come down
deus dei, m. noun 2 god
dico dicere, dixi, dictus verb 3 say
dies diei, m. noun 5 day
difficilis difficile adj difficult
dirus dira, dirum adj dreadful
discedo discedere, discessi verb 3 depart, leave
diu indecl. adv for a long time
do dare, dedi, datus verb 1 give
doceo docere, docui, doctus verb 2 teach
domina dominae, f. noun 1 mistress
dominus domini, m. noun 2 master
domus domus, f. (domi = at home) noun 4 home
donum doni, n. noun 2 gift, present
dormio dormire, dormivi verb 4 sleep
duco ducere, duxi, ductus verb 3 l ead, take
dum indecl. conj while, until
duo duae, duo adj two
dux ducis, m. noun 3 leader
E
e, ex + abl. (also used as prefix with verbs) prep from, out of
ecce! indecl. adv see! look!
effugio effugere, effugi verb 3 escape
ego mei pron I, me
egredior egredi, egressus sum verb 3 dep go out
emo emere, emi, emptus verb 3 buy
enim indecl. conj for
eo ire, i(v)i verb irreg go
epistula epistulae, f. noun 1 letter
equus equi, m. noun 2 horse
et indecl. conj and
et ... et both ... and
etiam indecl. adv also, even
exspecto exspectare, exspectavi, exspectatus verb 1 wait for
F
facilis facile adj easy
facio facere, feci, factus verb 3 make, do
femina feminae, f. noun 1 woman
fero ferre, tuli, latus verb irreg bring, carry
ferox ferocis adj fierce, ferocious
ferrum ferri, n. noun 2 iron, sword
festino festinare, festinavi verb 1 hurry
fidelis fidele adj faithful, loyal
filia filiae, f. noun 1 daughter
filius filii, m. noun 2 son
flumen fluminis, n. noun 3 river
forte indecl. adv by chance
fortis forte adj brave
forum fori, n. noun 2 forum, market place
frango frangere, fregi, fractus verb 3 break
frater fratris, m. noun 3 brother
frustra indecl. adv in vain
fugio fugere, fugi verb 3 run away, flee
fundo fundere, fudi, fusus verb 3 pour
G
gaudeo gaudere, gavisus sum verb 2 be pleased, rejoice
gero gerere, gessi, gestus verb 3 wear (clothes), wage (war)
gladius gladii, m. noun 2 sword
gravis grave adj heavy, serious
H
habeo habere, habui, habitus noun 2 have
habito habitare, habitavi, habitatus verb 1 live
heri indecl. adv yesterday
hic haec, hoc pron this
hic indecl. adv here
hodie indecl. adv today
homo hominis, m. noun 3 man, human being
hora horae, f. noun 1 hour
hortor hortari, hortatus sum verb 1 dep encourage, urge
hortus horti, m. noun 2 garden
hostis hostis, m. noun 3 enemy
humus humi, f. (humi = on the ground) noun 2 ground
I
iaceo iacere, iacui verb 2 lie
iacio iacere, ieci, iactus verb 3 throw
de-/e-/in-icio -icere, ieci, iectus verb 3 throw down/ out/ in
iam indecl. adv now, already
ianua ianuae, f. noun 1 door
ibi indecl. adv there
idem eadem, idem pron the same
igitur indecl. adv therefore, and so
ille illa, illud pron that, he, she, it
imperator imperatoris, m. noun 3 emperor, commander
imperium imperii, n. noun 2 empire, power, command
impero imperare, imperavi, imperatus + dat. verb 1 order, command
in + abl. (also used as prefix with verbs) prep in, on
in + acc. (also used as prefix with verbs) prep into, onto
incendo incendere, incendi, incensus verb 3 burn, set on fire
infelix infelicis adj unlucky, unhappy
ingens ingentis adj huge
ingredior ingredi, ingressus sum verb 3 dep enter
inquit verb irreg say, said
insula insulae, f. noun 1 island, block of flats
intellego intellegere, intellexi, intellectus verb 3 understand, realise
inter + acc. prep among, between
interea indecl. adv meanwhile
interficio interficere, interfeci, interfectus verb 3 kill
intro intrare, intravi, intratus verb 1 enter
invenio invenire, inveni, inventus verb 4 find
ipse ipsa, ipsum pron himself, herself, itself,
themselves
ira irae, f. noun 1 anger
iratus irata, iratum adj angry
is ea, id pron this, that, he, she, it, them
ita indecl. adv in this way
itaque indecl. adv and so, therefore
iter itineris, n. noun 3 journey
iterum indecl. adv again
iubeo iubere, iussi, iussus verb 2 order
iuvenis iuvenis, m. noun 3 young man
L
labor laboris, m. noun 3 work
laboro laborare, laboravi verb 1 work
lacrima lacrimae, f. noun 1 tear
lacrimo lacrimare, lacrimavi verb 1 weep,cry
laetus laeta, laetum adj happy
latus lata, latum adj wide
laudo laudare, laudavi, laudatus verb 1 praise
legatus legati, m. noun 2 commander
legio legionis, f. noun 3 legion
lego legere, legi, lectus verb 3 read, choose
lente indecl. adv slowly
libenter indecl. adv willingly, gladly
liber libri, m. noun 2 book
liberi liberorum, m. pl. noun 2 children
libero liberare, liberavi, liberatus verb 1 free, set free
libertus liberti, m. noun 2 freedman, ex-slave
locus loci, m. noun 2 place
longus longa, longum adj long
loquor loqui, locutus sum verb 3 dep speak
lux lucis, f. noun 3 light, daylight
M
magnus magna, magnum adj big, large, great
malo malle, malui verb irreg prefer
malus mala, malum adj evil, bad
maneo manere, mansi verb 2 remain, stay
manus manus, f. noun 4 hand, group of people
mare maris, n. noun 3 sea
maritus mariti, m. noun 2 husband
mater matris, f. noun 3 mother
medius media, medium adj middle
meus mea, meum adj my
miles militis, m. noun 3 soldier
mille pl. milia noun irreg thousand
minime indecl. adv very little, least, no
miser misera, miserum adj miserable, wretched, sad
mitto mittere, misi, missus verb 3 send
modus modi, m. noun 2 manner, way, kind
moneo monere, monui, monitus verb 2 warn, advise
mons montis, m. noun 3 mountain
morior mori, mortuus sum verb 3 dep die
mors mortis, f. noun 3 death
moveo movere, movi, motus verb 2 move
mox indecl. adv soon
multo indecl. adv much
multus multa, multum adj much, many
murus muri, m. noun 2 wall
N
nam indecl. conj for
narro narrare, narravi, narratus verb 1 tell, relate
nauta nautae, m. noun 1 sailor
navigo navigare, navigavi verb 1 sail
navis navis, f. noun 3 s hip
-ne indecl. partic (introduces question)
ne indecl. conj that … not, so that ... not
nec ... nec indecl. also: neque ... neque conj neither ... nor
neco necare, necavi, necatus verb 1 kill
nemo neminis noun irreg no one, nobody
nescio nescire, nescivi verb 4 not know
nihil indecl. noun irreg nothing
nisi indecl. conj unless, except
nolo nolle, nolui verb irreg not want
nomen nominis, n. noun 3 name
non indecl. adv not
nonne? indecl. adv surely?
nos nostrum pron we, us
noster nostra, nostrum pron our
novem indecl. adj nine
novus nova, novum adj new
nox noctis, f. noun 3 night
nullus nulla, nullum adj not any, no
num indecl. partic whether
num ... ? indecl. partic surely not?
numquam indecl. adv never
nunc indecl. adv now
nuntio nuntiare, nuntiavi, nuntiatus verb 1 announce
nuntius nuntii, m. noun 2 messenger, message, news
O
occido occidere, occidi, occisus verb 3 kill
octo indecl. adj eight
odi odisse verb defect. hate
offero offerre, obtuli, oblatus verb irreg offer
olim indecl. adv once, some time ago
omnis omne adj all, every
oppugno oppugnare, oppugnavi, oppugnatus verb 1 attack
oro orare, oravi, oratus verb 1 beg
ostendo ostendere, ostendi, ostentus verb 3 show
P
paene indecl. adv almost, nearly
paro parare, paravi, paratus verb 1 prepare
pars partis, f. noun 3 part
parvus parva, parvum adj s mall
pater patris, m. noun 3 father
patior pati, passus sum verb 3 dep suffer, endure
pauci paucae, pauca adj plural few, a few
pax pacis, f. noun 3 peace
pecunia pecuniae, f. noun 1 money
per + acc. prep through, along
pereo perire, perii verb irreg die, perish
periculum periculi, n. noun 2 danger
persuadeo persuadere, persuasi + dat. verb 2 persuade
perterritus perterrita, perterritum adj terrified
pes pedis, m. noun 3 foot, paw
peto petere, petivi, petitus verb 3 make for, seek, ask for, attack
placet placere, placuit + dat. verb 2 impers. it pleases, suits
plenus plena, plenum adj full
poena poenae, f. noun 1 punishment
poenas do pay the penalty, be punished
pono ponere, posui, positus verb 3 p ut, place, put up
porta portae, f. noun 1 gate
porto portare, portavi, portatus verb 1 carry
portus portus, m. noun 4 harbour, port
possum posse, potui verb irreg can, be able
post + acc. prep after, behind
postea indecl. adv afterwards
postquam indecl. conj after, when
postridie indecl. adv on the next day
postulo postulare, postulavi, postulatus verb 1 demand
praebeo praebere, praebui, praebitus verb 2 provide
praemium praemii, n. noun 2 prize, reward, profit
primus prima, primum adj first
princeps principis, m. noun 3 chief, chieftain, emperor
priusquam indecl. conj before, until
pro + abl. prep in front of, for, in return for
procedo procedere, processi verb 3 advance, proceed
proficiscor proficisci, profectus sum verb 3 dep set out
progredior progredi, progressus sum verb 3 dep advance
promitto promittere, promisi, promissus verb 3 promise
prope + acc. prep near
proximus proxima, proximum adj nearest, next to
puella puellae, f. noun 1 girl
puer pueri, m. noun 2 boy
pugno pugnare, pugnavi verb 1 fight
pulcher pulchra, pulchrum adj beautiful, handsome
Q
quaero quaerere, quaesivi, quaesitus verb 3 search for, look for, ask
qualis? quale adj what sort of … ?
quam indecl. adv how ... ? how ... !
quam indecl. adv than
quamquam indecl. conj although
quantus? quanta, quantum adj how big?
quattuor indecl. adj four
-que indecl. conj and
qui quae, quod pron who, which
quidam quaedam, quoddam pron one, a certain, some
quinque indecl. adj five
quis? quid pron who? what?
quo? indecl. adv where to?
quod indecl. conj because
quo modo? indecl. adv how? in what way?
quoque indecl. conj also, too
quot? indecl. adj how many?
R
rapio rapere, rapui, raptus verb 3 seize, grab
re- (prefix used with verbs) - back
reddo reddere, reddidi, redditus verb 3 give back, restore
redeo redire, redii verb irreg go back, come back, return
refero referre, rettuli, relatus verb irreg bring/carry back; report, tell
regina reginae, f. noun 1 queen
regredior regredi, regressus sum verb 3 dep go back, return
relinquo relinquere, reliqui, relictus verb 3 leave, leave behind
res rei, f. noun 5 thing, business
resisto resistere, restiti + dat. verb 3 resist
respondeo respondere, respondi, responsus verb 2 reply
rex regis, m. noun 3 king
rideo ridere, risi verb 2 laugh, smile
rogo rogare, rogavi, rogatus verb 1 ask, ask for
Roma Romae, f. (Romae: at/in Rome) noun 1 Rome
Romanus Romana, Romanum adj Roman
S
sacer sacra, sacrum adj sacred
saepe indecl. adv often
saevus saeva, saevum adj savage, cruel
saluto salutare, salutavi, salutatus verb 1 greet
salve! salvete! (plural) verb imperative hello!
sanguis sanguinis, m. noun 3 blood
satis indecl. adj/adv enough
scio scire, scivi, scitus verb 4 know
scribo scribere, scripsi, scriptus verb 3 write
se sui pron himself, herself, itself,
themselves
sed indecl. conj but
sedeo sedere, sedi verb 2 sit
semper indecl. adv always
senator senatoris, m. noun 3 senator
senex senis, m. noun 3 old man
sentio sentire, sensi, sensus verb 4 feel, notice
septem indecl. adj seven
sequor sequi, secutus sum verb 3 dep follow
servo servare, servavi, servatus verb 1 save, look after
servus servi, m. noun 2 slave
severus severa, severum adj severe, strict
sex indecl. adj six
si indecl. conj if
sic indecl. adv thus, in this way
signum signi, n. noun 2 sign, signal, seal
silva silvae, f. noun 1 wood
simulac simulatque conj as soon as
sine + abl. prep without
solus sola, solum adj alone, lonely, only, on one's
own
specto spectare, spectavi, spectatus verb 1 look at, watch
spero sperare, speravi, speratus verb 1 hope, expect
spes spei, f. noun 5 hope
statim indecl. adv at once, immediately
sto stare, steti verb 1 stand
stultus stulta, stultum adj stupid, foolish
sub + acc. / abl. prep under, beneath
subito indecl. adv suddenly
sum esse, fui verb irreg be
summus summa, summum adj highest, greatest, top (of)
supero superare, superavi, superatus verb 1 overcome, overpower
surgo surgere, surrexi verb 3 get up, stand up, rise
suus sua, suum pron his, her, its, their (own)
T
taberna tabernae, f. noun 1 shop, inn
taceo tacere, tacui, tacitus verb 2 be silent, be quiet
talis tale adj such
tam indecl. adv so
tamen indecl. adv however
tandem indecl. adv at last, finally
tantus tanta, tantum adj so great, such a great
templum templi, n. noun 2 temple
tempus temporis, n. noun 3 time
teneo tenere, tenui, tentus verb 2 hold
terra terrae, f. noun 1 ground, land
terreo terrere, terrui, territus verb 2 frighten
timeo timere, timui verb 2 fear, be afraid
tot indecl. adj so many
totus tota, totum adj whole
trado tradere, tradidi, traditus verb 3 hand over
traho trahere, traxi, tractus verb 3 drag
trans +acc. (also used as prefix with verbs) prep across
tres tria adj three
tristis triste adj sad
tu tui pron you (singular)
tum indecl. adv then
turba turbae, f. noun 1 crowd
tuus tua, tuum pron your (singular), yours
U
ubi indecl. adv where? where, when
umquam indecl. adv ever
unde indecl. adv from where
unus una, unum adj one
urbs urbis, f. noun 3 city
ut indecl. + indic. conj as
ut indecl. + subjunc. conj that, so that, in order that
utrum ... an indecl. adv whether ... or
uxor uxoris, f. noun 3 wife
V
vale valete verb imperat goodbye, farewell
vehementer indecl. adv violently, loudly
veho vehere, vexi, vectus verb 3 carry
vendo vendere, vendidi, venditus verb 3 sell
venio venire, veni verb 4 come
verbum verbi, n. noun 2 word
verto vertere, verti, versus verb 3 turn
verus vera, verum adj true, real
vester vestra, vestrum pron your (plural), yours
via viae, f. noun 1 street, road, way
video videre, vidi, visus verb 2 see
villa villae, f. noun 1 house, country villa
vinco vincere, vici, victus verb 3 conquer, win, be victorious
vinum vini, n. noun 2 wine
vir viri, m. noun 2 man
vita vitae, f. noun 1 life
vivo vivere, vixi verb 3 live, be alive
vivus viva, vivum adj alive, living
voco vocare, vocavi, vocatus verb 1 call
volo velle, volui verb irreg want
vos vestrum pron you (plural)
vox vocis, f. noun 3 voice, shout
vulnus vulneris, n. noun 3 wound
vultus vultus, m. noun 4 expression, face